EMERGENCY FIRST AID & CPR

Introduction

If you are the first on the scene of accident that results in an injury or serious illness, you may be the only link between a victim and emergency medical care. Your role is to take action, whether by providing first aid, seeking medical help. Your actions may improve the victim’s chance of recovery. Bleeding

(a) Apply direct pressure to the wound (at this time a direct pressure bandage may be used). (b) Elevate (do not further harm). (c) Additional pressure may be applied to a pressure point to help reduce bleeding. Care for shock.

(a) Keep the victim lying down (if possible). (b) Elevate legs 10-12 inches… unless you suspect a spinal injury or broken bones. (c) Cover the victim to maintain body temperature. (d) Provide the victim with plenty of fresh air. (e) If victim begins to vomit - place them on their left side. First aid for sprains and strains.

(a) I-C-E (b) I - Ice, apply a cold pack. Do not apply ice directly to skin. (c) C - Compress, use elastic or conforming wrap - not too tight. (d) E - Elevate, above heart level to control internal bleeding. Care for dislocations and fractures.

(a) I-A-C-T. (b) I - Immobilize area. Use pillows, jackets, blankets, etc. Stop any movement by supporting injured area. (c) A - Activate Emergency Medical Services. (d) C - Care for shock. (e) T - Treat any additional secondary injuries.

Poisoning.

(a) Assess the scene for clues and safety. (b) Get victim away from poison if necessary. (c) Provide care for any life threatening conditions. (d) Check Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). (e) Notify medical staff or on-call Doctor. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) abc’s. (a) Airway - Open the airway with the tilt-chin method. (b) Breath - give two breaths. (c) Check circulation. (d) If there is no pulse or breathing Perform chest compression. (e) 15 compressions and two breaths. (Count = 1&2&3&4&5…&15) (f) Rescue breathing: 1 breath every 5 seconds - 12 per minute.

Universal precautions: (a) The routine use of appropriate barrier precautions to prevent skin and mucous membrane exposure when contact with blood or other body fluids of any individual may occur or is anticipated. (b) Universal Precautions apply to blood and to all other body fluids with potential for spreading any infections.